Verse: Srimad Bhagvatam 1.10.32
Date: December 12th, 2005
Place: ISKCON Ujjain, India
Transcription: Her Grace Alka Radha Mataji
Edited: Her Grace Anupama Madhavi Dasi & HG Shyamsundar Krishna Das
[SB 1.10.32]
ajāta-śatruḥ pṛtanāṁ
gopīthāya madhu-dviṣaḥ
parebhyaḥ śaṅkitaḥ snehāt
prāyuṅkta catur-aṅgiṇīm
SYNONYMS
ajāta-śatruḥ — Mahārāja Yudhiṣṭhira, who was no one’s enemy; pṛtanām — defensive forces; gopīthāya — for giving protection; madhu-dviṣaḥ — of the enemy of Madhu (Śrī Krishna); parebhyaḥ — from others (enemies); śaṅkitaḥ — being afraid of; snehāt —out of affection; prāyuṅkta — engaged; catuḥ-aṅginīm — four defensive divisions.
TRANSLATION
Mahārāja Yudhiṣṭhira, although no one’s enemy, engaged four divisions of defense [horse, elephant, chariot and army] to accompany Lord Krishna, the enemy of the asuras [demons]. The Mahārāja did this because of the enemy, and also out of affection for the Lord.
PURPORT
Natural defensive measures are horses and elephants combined with chariots and men. Horses and elephants are trained to move to any part of the hills or forests and plains. The charioteers could fight with many horses and elephants by the strength of powerful arrows,
even up to the standard of the brahmāstra (similar to modern atomic weapons). Mahārāja Yudhiṣṭhira knew well that Krishna is everyone’s friend and well-wisher, and yet there were asuras who were by nature envious of the Lord. So out of fear of attack from others and out of affection also, he engaged all varieties of defensive forces as bodyguards of Lord Krishna. If required, Lord Krishna Himself was sufficient to defend Himself from the attack of others who counted the Lord as their enemy, but still He accepted all the arrangements made by Mahārāja Yudhiṣṭhira because He could not disobey the King, who was His elder cousin. The Lord plays the part of a subordinate in His transcendental sporting, and thus sometimes He puts Himself in the care of Yaśodāmātā for His protection in His so-called helplessness of childhood. That is the transcendental līlā, or pastime of the Lord. The basic principle for all transcendental exchanges between the Lord and His devotees is exhibited to enjoy a transcendental bliss for which there is no comparison, even up to the level of brahmānanda.
Lecture by HHBCS:
YUDHISTHIRA MAHARAJ ARRANGES ARMY FOR PROTECTION OF KRISHNA
Here, Maharaj Yudhisthira has been described as Ajatashatru. Ajatashatru, literally the word means whose enemy has never been born. Yudhisthira Maharaj’s enemy was never born. That is because Yudhisthira Maharaj did not consider anyone to be his enemy. It is not that others were not inimical towards him. We see that the Kauravas were inimical towards him and there were many others who were inimical towards Yudhisthira Maharaj then why Yudhisthira Maharaj was called Ajatashatru; because Yudhisthira Maharaj never considered anyone to be his enemy. It is very significant that although Yudhisthira Maharaj is Ajatashatru, he is arranging the four divisions of soldiers. Chaturangini has been described as four divisions of defense. Those four divisions in the early days used to consist of these four types of warring divisions like some soldiers used to fight from the elephants, some on horseback, some on chariot and some on feet. Yudhisthira Maharaj arranged these four divisions of armies to accompany Krishna and it has been pointed out that Yudhisthira Maharaj did that because he was concerned about Lord Krishna and that Krishna’s enemy may attack him.
Now this is the pastimes of The Lord. Although Yudhisthira Maharaj knew that Lord Krishna is The Supreme Personality of Godhead but still he is making this arrangement. This is actually an expression of his love for Krishna, his affection for Krishna. Actually, the devotee knows that Krishna is The Supreme Personality of Godhead, Krishna is The Supreme controller, Krishna is The Supreme proprietor. The devotee knows but still the devotee makes arrangement just like here in the temple. We know Krishna is God, The Supreme Personality. Krishna is actually feeding the whole world. But still, we offer food to Krishna. Why? To think that well Krishna can feed Himself; there is no need for me to give any food to Krishna. Yes, one can think that way. But that thinking will be impersonal. Okay, let Him arrange for His food. If we think that way, then we become the loser. We miss out on the opportunity to
develop our relationship with Krishna. Some temples do that. Don’t want to name those temples, big temples. They spend crores and crores of Rupees and they are billionaires. They don’t have crores but they have thousands of crores. But Prabhupada actually criticized them. What do they offer to Krishna. They offer little sugar to Krishna. Just some sugar and little water. And when asked they say, “Well, Krishna he doesn’t eat, so what’s the point in making in all this arrangement.” But this shows that they are not devotees and they do not know that Krishna eats.
KRISHNA ACCEPTS OFFERINGS MADE WITH LOVE
One may not know there are instances when Krishna eats also. In Jagannath Puri, there is a temple of Alarnath worshipped by some Brahmanas. This used to be a village of Brahmanas and the head of the Brahmanas used to worship the deities. One day this head pujari went to a distant place and told his little son to make the offering to Krishna. The mother cooked the prashad and the son (who was as a little boy) did the offering. Then his father told him that he should feed Krishna the offering; so, he was telling Krishna to eat and when Krishna didn’t eat, he started to cry. “Oh, you are not eating, my father told me to feed you and you are not eating he will get very angry and he will beat me.” So, when he started to cry like that Krishna started to eat. When he came out, the plate was empty so his mother asked him what happened to the prashad.
He said Krishna ate it all. Mother was worried if really Krishna ate or he himself ate. Eating food from the plate that was made for The Lord, is a great offence. When the father came back, the mother reported that this has happened. The father asked, “What happened?” “Well Krishna ate.” He asked, “Sure Krishna ate?” He said, “Yes”. Then the father thought tomorrow also his son would do the offering. His son did the offering and the father was hiding behind the curtain and then the father saw: Yes, Krishna was eating. So, this is how Krishna can eat.
When we offer the food with love, Krishna eats. ‘Angani yasya saklendriya vritti manti (BS 5.32) all of Krishna’s limbs - different parts of His body can perform activities of all different senses. Like with our eyes we see and with our hands we eat. But Krishna can even eat with His eyes and smell with His ears ‘Angani yasya saklendriya vritti manti.. Krishna just looks and He eats. Therefore, devotee knows that Krishna eats and although he knows that Krishna is The Supreme proprietor but still, he offers food to Him. The devotee never thinks that it doesn’t matter if I don’t cook today. Today I am not feeling well. Today I will lie down just sleep and Krishna doesn’t eat so there is no harm if I don’t make the offering. Does a devotee ever feel that way? No, even though he is feeling difficulty he knows that prashad has to be offered to Krishna.
Now this also can be done out of two considerations. When it is done out of duty it is “Vaidhi bhakti”, when it is done out of love, then it is “Raganuga bhakti”. So, one should not do it out of sense of duty. One must offer to Krishna out of love. Like mother Yasoda - She used to think that if I don’t feed Krishna, Krishna will die. Even though Krishna didn’t want to eat, she would send Balaram; Mother Yashoda would tell Balaram, “Krishna is playing for too long, so
go get Him” and this way Krishna would be forced to eat food. The devotee does not feel that Krishna is God rather he feels that Krishna is the object of his love. Similarly, Maharaj Yudhisthira knew that Krishna is The Supreme Personality of Godhead but still he sent the four divisions of defense to give protection to Krishna. Yudhisthira Maharaj was related to Krishna so his feeling was that if somebody attacks Krishna although battle of Kurukshetra was over and all the Asura kings were all killed but still Yudhisthira Maharaj had that consideration that if anybody attacks. In the past there had been many attacks on Krishna. Jarasandh attacked Mathura so many times. Here we can see Yudhisthira Maharaj has been described as Ajatashatru, whose enemy hasn’t been born and Krishna also is Ajatashatru.
No one is Krishna’s enemy but at the same time Yudhisthira Maharaj is feeling concerned about Krishna being attacked by His enemies. Actually no one is Krishna’s enemy. Krishna never thinks that anyone is His enemy but there are some unfortunate souls they become inimical to Krishna and His devotees. Why Yudhisthira Maharaj is Ajatashatru because he is a devotee. He never considers anyone to be his enemy. Because a devotee is ‘panditah samadarshinah’; samadarshinah means he sees everyone as someone dear to him therefore he does not see any difference in them. Samadarshi means one who is equally disposed to everyone – enemy or friends.
DEVOTEES DO NOT CONSIDER ANYONE THEIR ENEMIES
Dwaita bhadraabhadra gyan sab manodharma, ei bhalo ei mando, ei dui bhrahm. There are bhadra and abhadra, desirable and undesirable, enemy and friend. This conception is due to the mental concoction; due to our illusory involvement ‘prakṛteḥ kriyamāṇāni, guṇaiḥ karmāṇi sarvaśaḥ’ (BG 3.27). Everything is happening in material nature according to guna and karma. If someone is inimical towards me, then I have to see in the past, I must have done something to him that’s why the reaction is like this. The devotee therefore does not become affected by how he is treated. He simply takes it as bad karma. If somebody slaps (him), he thinks I must have slapped him somewhere in the past; if not in this life, then in some other life. It is good that he did it now and we are square. That karma is over. A devotee goes through this experience and that’s why devotee is completely equipoised to everyone, equally disposed to everyone. Devotee does not consider anyone to be his enemy but he considers everyone to be his friend, especially an uttama adhikari devotee.
Madhyam adhikari devotee makes discrimination. But that is mainly for those who are offensive, he avoids them, he never goes out of his way to deal with that person, keeps him at a distance. I have nothing to do with him. He doesn’t like me so why should I go to him. He doesn’t like Krishna so why should I go to him and speak to him about Krishna. If I speak to him about Krishna, he will become more offensive and as a result, he won’t be able to come close to Krishna. Therefore, a devotee does not get into a conflict with his enemy. He simply avoids him. But an uttama adhikari won’t even avoid him. He will consider “Oh even a demon is such a great devotee and it is my fault that I can’t deal with him properly”. That is an uttama adhikari’s attitude. Yudhisthira Maharaj is naturally a pure devotee of Krishna. He knew that Krishna is The Supreme Personality of Godhead but still he made this arrangement for
Krishna’s defence. If anyone attacks; so, let the army go with Him. He is not thinking, “Oh Krishna is God. Krishna can defend Himself why should I take trouble of sending my soldiers as bodyguards. Let Krishna take care of Himself.” Will that be nice? No. That shows our love for Him. Although a child knows that the father has all the money but he buys something for the father and gives it to the father. He never thinks that my father has all the money, now let me enjoy the money that I got from Him. Most of us think that way, but a good son thinks, “Oh now I got some money, now let me buy something and offer it to my father.” When the child offers it to the father, father becomes so pleased, “Oh my son is such a nice boy, he is so considerate, he is so concerned about me.” Although the father may be diabetic and he can’t eat chocolate but when the son gives the chocolate to the father, the father becomes so happy.
Therefore, offering things to Krishna is a matter of expressing our love to Krishna. Yes, Krishna can do anything, but we get an opportunity to express our love for Krishna and when we offer our love to Krishna, then Krishna sees and reciprocates. It is not just a one- sided affair. It is a reciprocal relationship. A devotee offers his love to Krishna and Krishna offers His love to the devotee. This is how the loving exchange takes place between Krishna and His devotee. That is why time and again we tell people: what happens when you love Krishna, when you serve Krishna, when you develop your devotion to Krishna, you yourself will see; there is no need to tell you. That loving exchange is mutual and reciprocal. Devotee loves Krishna and Krishna loves his devotee. Actually, Krishna already loves everyone. It is out of His love that Krishna is doing so much for everyone.
KRISHNA AWARDS LIBERATION TO HIS ENEMIES
Even a demon, who hates Krishna, can’t stand the name Krishna, can’t even accept the concept of Supreme Personality of Godhead but we see that he is having all the food, he is having all the oxygen, he is having all the money, big palace to live, all the comforts. How is he getting that? Who is giving him all the food? Krishna. We have seen in the past and we see this presently that so many people who have been inimical to Krishna but Krishna is still providing for them. Although we see that Krishna killed Shishupal but there was a reason. Shishupal’s mother is Krishna’s aunt. Shishupal’s mother had realized that Krishna will kill Shishupal. Shishupal was born with three eyes and four arms. They were very worried; at first, they thought that let us get rid of this child because it is inauspicious for an ordinary person to have three eyes and four arms.
Then they were told that that person who would kill Shishupal when upon seeing him, Shishupal’s extra eye and extra two arms would disappear. When somebody takes him on his lap and if it disappears, then it would mean that person would kill him. Krishna was a baby boy and Shishupal’s mother and father thought let us try if his extra arms and eye disappear. They put him on the lap of so many people, nothing happened. But then one day, Krishna came to their house. Krishna was just a little boy and they were playing, then at some point Shishupal sat on Krishna’s lap and his two arms disappeared, so the mother realized that Krishna will kill him. She was very sad. She requested Krishna, “Please forgive all his offenses. Please don’t take his offenses because she thought that it is because of his offensive attitude
towards Krishna that he will be killed by Krishna. Krishna said, “Ok I will tolerate his hundred offenses throughout his life.” Shishupal was always offending Krishna. He was always offensive to Krishna.
During the Rajasuya yajna, when Krishna was offered the highest seat of honor, Krishna was treated as the most respected person. Shishupal became very envious and he started to blaspheme Krishna and at that time, his hundred offenses were over. Krishna counted. When he exceeded the hundredth offense then Krishna released His Sudarshan chakra and Shishupal’s head was chopped off. But still his soul merged into Krishna’s body. So, he got liberated. He got sayujya mukti, got merged in Krishna’s body. In this way the demons also receive Krishna’s mercy. The demons are killed but they still get liberated. Asura Harina hata. When the asuras, the demons are killed by Krishna they also achieve liberation. Therefore, we can see liberation which is desired by all these exalted personalities they perform so much austerities to achieve liberation however Krishna’s enemies being killed by Krishna achieved that liberation.
But don’t become inimical to Krishna thinking that by becoming enemy of Krishna we will achieve liberation. If you get killed by Krishna, yes; but what is the guarantee that you will be killed by Krishna. What if Krishna’s devotee kills you then you will get some benefit, but not liberation. So, what is the best course of action? The best course of action is to become a devotee of Krishna. If Krishna treats His enemy in that way, how will Krishna treat His devotees? That should be our consideration. If Krishna is so merciful, so compassionate, so caring for His enemies then what will happen if we become a devotee of Krishna. Sometimes people have some misconception. “Oh, when you become a devotee of Krishna you invite some misfortune.” This is a serious consideration. Don’t become a devotee of Krishna else you will lose everything. Don’t become a devotee of Krishna else you will invite misfortune and they think, yes, look Duryodhana was inimical to Krishna but Duryodhana was enjoying and Pandavas were Krishna’s devotees they were suffering. But they don’t realize that is only a material consideration.
What if someone is living in a palace in extreme luxury but suffering from cancer. How will he feel? One may have billions of rupees and has a big palace and has all the facilities but he is suffering from cancer and there is another person who is not so rich but he is leading a healthy life. His health is strong he eats well he sleeps well. Out of these two persons who is more fortunate. The person with lots of money but suffering from cancer or the person who is not so rich but has a healthy happy life. Then on a similar note we can consider that Duryodhana maybe living in a big palace and become the king of the whole world, the whole planet Earth but his heart was constantly burning with envy, internally he was so unfortunate, so unhappy. Whereas the Pandavas they were living in the forest but they were having a good time. We see in the forest they were having such a wonderful time so although they were in the forest but if somebody is enjoying in the forest, isn’t it wonderful? Don’t you go to a forest to have a picnic? If you are in a forest but having picnic every day, how will you feel? The Pandavas were in association of all saintly people and they were having such wonderful time, killing the demons and they never had any difficulty.
BEING A DEVOTEE IS REAL ENJOYMENT
Ultimately, we have to understand that key consideration of enjoyment is not external. The real consideration of enjoyment is internal. If internally we are happy then does the external situation makes any difference or does it really matter? No. So devotees may externally appear to be suffering but if they are internally enjoying that is what really matters.
This was the case with the Pandavas and we can see that their attitude was so different. Duryodhan’s attitude and Pandavas attitude. Dronacharya one day sent Duryodhana to find just one good man in this whole world and then he sent Yudhisthira Maharaj to find one bad man, a bad person in the whole world. And at the end of the day both of them came back home alone. Duryodhana could not find one good man and Yudhisthira Maharaj could not find one bad person. Because in the eyes of Yudhisthira Maharaj, everyone was good. Whereas in the eyes of Duryodhana, everyone was bad. Who is happier person; one who sees that everyone is bad, is he a happy person or one who sees everyone is good, is a real happy person.
This way also we can see how unfortunate Duryodhana was and how fortunate Yuddhisthira Maharaj and Pandavas were. Devotees are happy under all circumstances because their heart is joyful and it is all a matter of heart. If our heart is joyful, we will feel ecstasy. If our heart is miserable then we will feel pathetic. Devotees are very very fortunate and it is not that devotees are artificially trying to feel happy; they are naturally happy because of Krishna’s love for them. Krishna acts from within and fills their heart with joy. Initially, we may not register that but as we make advancement, we see how Krishna is filling our hearts and then ultimately, we feel that that person who we are worshipping in the altar is already in our heart and He is doing all kinds of things from within. He is making all the wonderful arrangements. An advancement is the perception of Krishna.
The more we make advancement the more we see Krishna. The first stage of devotional service is worshiping Krishna in the temple and recognizing that here is the person who is The Supreme Personality of Godhead. This Krishna is the creator and maintainer of the entire creation. His part and parcel is Maha Vishnu. All the incarnations are coming from Him. This is that Supreme Personality of Godhead. We begin to recognize that that person we are worshipping with so much love and respect and devotion is actually sitting in our hearts as The Supersoul. When we make further advancement, we see that that personality is everywhere in everyone’s heart and in every single atom and that is the highest stage of spiritual realization.
sthāvara-jaṅgama dekhe, nā dekhe tāra mūrti sarvatra haya nija iṣṭa-deva-sphūrti [CC Madha Lila 08.274]
PURE DEVOTEE SEES KRISHNA EVERYWHERE
He doesn’t see the moving and non-moving thing. He doesn’t see living and non-living things; he doesn’t see the living and the inert object. Everywhere he sees Lord Krishna. But in this respect also, Prabhupada is saying does it mean he is seeing everyone is Krishna? No, he makes
the discrimination. Only some very advanced devotees like Dhruva Maharaj, he was looking for Krishna in everyone. The lion came in the forest and he embraced the lion, are you Krishna? Krishna in the heart of that lion did not harm him. He saw a snake. Are you Krishna? The snake didn’t do anything to him. That’s a very advanced stage where one acts like that but at least we can see that Krishna is situated in everyone’s heart and Krishna reciprocates to the way we react to them. The way I am acting, Krishna is seeing; the way we are reacting to others is also seen by Krishna. And in this way a devotee sees Krishna everywhere. Not artificially. Naturally. And this process works. If we practice the process properly, yes, we will see Krishna.
PRABHUPADA TAUGHT US HOW TO SEE KRISHNA
The other day I was mentioning that someone asked me did you see God? So, I was thinking what to answer him. The first thing I considered whether he would understand whether I say yes or no. What he will understand. If I say yes, he will think oh I must be lying and if I say no then also that is not right. So, then I answered to him that whether I saw Krishna or not that is not important. What really matters is that I make you see Krishna and when you see Krishna then you will understand what it means to see Krishna, and I can show you, I can teach you how to see Krishna because my spiritual master made me see Krishna. Before I met Prabhupada we didn’t know Krishna, we did not know anything, but now we know that this deity is Krishna. We are seeing Krishna all the time and what to speak of seeing Krishna in the spiritual way, seeing Krishna in the core of the heart, seeing Krishna in the heart of every living entity and seeing Krishna by receiving His mercy.
We give an example of how to see Krishna; we don’t have to see Krishna with our eyes; We see Krishna through our intelligence because our material eyes can’t see Krishna. Material mind will not be able to see Krishna but it is with our intelligence that we can see Krishna that is the first perception of seeing Krishna. How? If we consider did anyone make this? This microphone or it fell from the sky or there was a big bang and the microphone appeared or there was a primordial soup and the microphone appeared. Will anyone believe that, if I say?
There was a primordial soup and from that came the microphone. People will think that I have gone crazy. Isn’t it? Therefore, yes, somebody made this. Did somebody make the camera? Did somebody make your glasses? Ganganarayan, did somebody make your chadar? Gopikanta, did somebody make this building? Did somebody make this earth planet? Did somebody make the stars and planets? Now who is that somebody who made the stars and planets? I may not see Him but with my intelligence I can understand that somebody is there. Who made that? Just as I may not have seen who made Ganganarayan’s glasses. But I know that somebody must have made the glasses. Although I may not have seen who made the camera but I know it’s made by somebody. I know it’s made by Sony. Isn’t it? How do we know, we know because the model has the name ‘Sony’. Although I have not seen the maker but I know that somebody made it.
Similarly, who made this creation and there is a label - Krishna made the creation. This is how we have to first see Krishna. Do you believe that Krishna is there and then when you get
further information then you get to see here is the person who made everything? Is this seeing Krishna? Yes, that’s seeing with our intelligence and then ultimately, we will be able to see Krishna face to face. When? ‘Premāñjana-cchurita-bhakti-vilocanena’ - when our eyes will become anointed with love, yes, we will be able to see Krishna face to face.
Yes, Krishna is real and one can see Krishna. Yes, if somebody asks us did you see Krishna, there is no need to say yes, I have seen Krishna. Actually, somebody asks Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur, did you see Krishna? Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur’s answer was whether I say either yes or no will you understand? You won’t understand what it means. If I say yes or if I say no, you will not understand what that yes is or what that no is. That’s why our point, is whether I have seen Krishna is not that important. When you are hungry do you ask, “Maharaj did you eat?” If your stomach is burning with hunger if somebody else ate, does it make any difference, does it satisfy your hunger? So, what is important when you are hungry, you eat; whether I ate or not is not important; whether I saw Krishna or not is not important. How you are going to see Krishna that is important. Yes, we can make you see Krishna and if I did not see Krishna how can I make you see Krishna. Right? Therefore, our business is to make everyone see Krishna. How we saw Krishna is because Prabhupada taught us how to see Krishna and that is ‘premanjana chhurit bhaktivilochanena’
Hare Krishna!
Jai Srila Prabhupada!
Questions & Answers
Guest: [inaudible]
HH BCS: How can you realize because it is said if you offer something Krishna Himself is saying ‘Yo me bhaktya prayacchati.’ The consideration is with how much devotion you offer it to Him. Right? If He didn’t eat, it is not Krishna’s problem. It is your problem. It is because you didn’t offer the food with enough love. Because Krishna says if you offer with bhakti, I will take it. Now, is Krishna lying? No, Krishna is not lying. When you offer it with devotion then Krishna will eat. Therefore, it is up to us whether Krishna will eat or not.
Guest: [inaudible]
HH BCS: Do we have to suffer? Did you have to suffer after you became a devotee of Krishna? Yes. What kind of suffering? Physical suffering? That is purification. As a devotee we can consider it as purification.
When you take medicine, sometimes it reacts. You take medicine and it gets aggravated. But it’s a good sign. Because that is a process of getting cured. If by suffering a little bit, we can get purified, isn’t it better? Similarly, sometimes we may go through some physical difficulties. But going through those physical difficulties is a process of purification. We take it as Krishna’s mercy. Or another way to look at it is; if you start cleaning your room then some dust will fly. Now do you say well that the room became so dirty because the room hasn’t been cleaned for many days and years but you don’t see any dust flying; but does it mean that the room was clean? No. The dust is all on the floor when you start cleaning the dust starts flying. Does it mean the room became dirty? No. That is the process of getting it cleaned.
Similarly, sometimes we may go through some physical difficulties. But what does these physical difficulties remind you? That so called physical suffering what does it remind you? These physical sufferings are reminding you that you are not your body. Isn’t it beneficial? So ultimately it is not the suffering of the body; ultimately it is the suffering of the soul. If by going through some suffering of the body if we can go through purification of the soul then that should be desired, and ultimately you don’t actually suffer. When you are at home do you think you are enjoying? You are not enjoying. What if you are not enjoying then what? You are suffering but you didn’t realize that you are suffering. Now? Then why you are saying you are suffering.
There is some physical difficulty. Actually, you are enjoying. Otherwise, why you are in temple? Isn’t it? If you were enjoying more at home then isn’t it natural that you would have gone back to home? And although your parents are trying to take you back home why aren’t you going back home? Why? Because of suffering? Or because you are enjoying. So as a devotee we enjoy. Some apparent sufferings are there but then devotees don’t take them so seriously. Krishna is saying ‘tams titiksasva bharata.’